What type of assurance provides a high level of confidence regarding non-financial information?

Examinations provide a high level of assurance regarding non-financial information because they involve a thorough evaluation of the information presented, typically through the application of specific criteria or standards. This type of assurance is more rigorous than a review, as it requires a detailed assessment of both the processes and data used to generate that information.

During an examination, the assurance provider collects evidence to verify the accuracy and completeness of the non-financial information, resulting in a positive level of confidence for stakeholders. This is essential in sustainability accounting, where the credibility of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data can significantly impact stakeholders' decisions and perceptions.

In contrast, audits, while providing a high level of assurance for financial statements, may not always be focused on non-financial reporting unless explicitly designed for that purpose. Reviews offer a lower level of assurance, as they primarily involve analytical procedures and inquiries rather than comprehensive testing of underlying data. Reports, on their own, do not provide any assurance; they are merely the documentation of findings. Thus, the examination stands out as the most robust method for offering a high level of confidence in non-financial information.