What does the concept of 'environmental justice' involve?

The concept of 'environmental justice' fundamentally involves fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all individuals, regardless of race, ethnicity, or income, in environmental decision-making processes. This ensures that no group, especially marginalized communities, bears a disproportionate share of negative environmental consequences, including exposure to pollution or the lack of access to environmental benefits.

The emphasis on fair treatment means that all individuals have the right to be included in discussions and decisions that affect their environment, which reflects the belief that everyone should have equal access to clean air, water, and healthy living conditions. This participation is crucial in achieving equitable environmental practices and policies.

The other options touch on important elements of sustainability but do not fully encompass the comprehensive nature of environmental justice. While equal distribution of environmental benefits (the first option) and proportional sharing of environmental costs (the second option) are significant aspects of environmental equity, they do not capture the essential requirement for engaged participation in decision-making. Additionally, restricting environmental impacts to affluent communities (the last option) directly contradicts the principles of environmental justice, highlighting the importance of inclusive governance rather than exclusion.