What does an environmental impact assessment (EIA) evaluate?

An environmental impact assessment (EIA) specifically evaluates the environmental consequences of a proposed project. This process involves a systematic examination of the potential effects that a project may have on the environment, including aspects like air and water quality, ecosystems, wildlife habitats, and human health. The goal of an EIA is to identify, predict, and evaluate these impacts throughout the project's lifecycle, allowing stakeholders to make informed decisions about the project and consider alternatives that might minimize negative environmental effects.

By conducting an EIA, developers and decision-makers can ensure that the environmental aspects are systematically analyzed and included in the planning and decision-making process, promoting sustainable development practices. This focus on environmental implications distinguishes the EIA from other assessments that may consider financial viability, social implications, or technological advancements, which are not the core purpose of an EIA.